S. Nemat-nasser and J. Li, Electromechanical response of ionic polymer-metal composites, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.87, issue.7, pp.3321-3331, 2000.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1957.0133

R. I. Nigmatulin, Spatial averaging in the mechanics of heterogeneous and dispersed systems, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol.5, issue.5, pp.353-385, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-9322(79)90013-2

D. A. Drew, Mathematical Modeling of Two-Phase Flow, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.15, issue.1, pp.15-261, 1983.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.15.010183.001401

M. Ishii and T. Hibiki, Thermo-fluid dynamics of two-phase flow, 2006.

D. Lhuillier, A mean-field description of two-phase flows with phase changes, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol.29, issue.3, pp.29-511, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-9322(03)00003-X

T. D. Gierke, G. E. Munn, and F. C. Wilson, The morphology in nafion perfluorinated membrane products, as determined by wide- and small-angle x-ray studies, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition, vol.19, issue.11, p.1687, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/pol.1981.180191103

O. Coussy, Mechanics of porous continua, 1995.

M. A. Biot, Variational Lagrangian-thermodynamics of nonisothermal finite strain. Mechanics of porous solids and thermonuclear diffusion, Int. J. Solids Structures, pp.13-579, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(77)90031-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01368304

M. Tixier and J. Pouget, Conservation laws of an electro-active polymer, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, vol.8, issue.1, pp.4-2014
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(77)90031-2

D. Groot, S. R. Mazur, and P. , Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. North-Holland publishing company, 1962.

M. N. Silberstein and M. C. Boyce, Constitutive modeling of the rate, temperature, and hydration dependent deformation response of Nafion to monotonic and cyclic loading, Journal of Power Sources, vol.195, issue.17, pp.195-5692, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.047

B. Satterfield, M. Benziger, and J. B. , Viscoelastic properties of Nafion at elevated temperature and humidity, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol.37, issue.1, pp.47-58, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.055

F. Bauer, S. Denneler, and M. Willert-porada, Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Mechanical Properties of Nafion117 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Phys, pp.43-786, 2005.

N. N. Silberstein, Mechanics of Proton Exchange Membranes : Time, Temperature and Hydration Dependence of the Stress-Strain Behavior of Persulfonated Polytetrafluoroethylene, Thesis, Massachusetts Institut of Technology, 2008.

M. N. Silberstein, P. V. Pillai, and M. C. Boyce, Biaxial elastic?viscoplastic behavior of Nafion membranes, Polymer, vol.52, issue.2, pp.52-529, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.032

C. Heitner-wirguin, Recent advances in perfluorinated ionomer membranes: structure, properties and applications, Journal of Membrane Science, vol.120, issue.1, pp.1-33, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00155-X

G. Gebel, Structural evolution of water swollen perfluorosulfonated ionomers from dry membrane to solution, Polymer, vol.41, issue.15, pp.41-5829, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00770-3

M. Cappadonia, J. Erning, and U. Stimming, Proton conduction of Nafion?? 117 membrane between 140 K and room temperature, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol.376, issue.1-2, pp.376-189, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03586-5

P. Choi, N. H. Jalani, and R. Datta, Thermodynamics and proton transport in Nafion I. Membrane swelling, sorption and ion-exchange equilibrium, J. Electrochem. Soc, pp.152-84, 2005.
DOI : 10.1149/1.1945668

N. Lakshminarayanaiah, Transport phenomena in membranes, 1969.

T. A. Zawodsinski, M. Neeman, L. O. Sillerud, and S. Gottesfeld, Determination of water diffusion coefficients in perfluorosulfonate ionomeric membranes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.95, issue.15, pp.95-6040, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/j100168a060

S. Nemat-nasser, Micro-mechanics of actuator of ionic polymer-metal composites, Journal of Applied Physics, pp.92-2899, 2002.

M. A. Biot, Theory of Elasticity and Consolidation for a Porous Anisotropic Solid, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.26, issue.2, pp.2-182, 1955.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1714800
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01368659

P. E. Grimshaw, J. H. Nussbaum, A. J. Grodzinsky, and M. L. Yarmush, Kinetics of electrically and chemically induced swelling in polyelectrolyte gels, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.29, issue.6, pp.6-4462, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2509(89)85032-8