Communities face climate change and other complex challenges and strive to become more resilient to the shocks and stresses that these bring. The notion of resilience has become highly popular in both research and practice. However, the concept is inherently malleable; it can be framed in different ways, emphasising different problems, causes, moral judgements, and solutions. We identify four typical framings: Shock-Proofing (short-term & system focus), Resilience Planning (long-term & system focus), Community Disaster Resilience (short-term & community focus), and Resilient Community Development (long-term & community focus). These framings lead to different approaches to resilience practice, policy and research, and use different ‘resilience principles’ to describe why and how a community or system might be (or become) resilient. They also offer different synergies with wider sustainability efforts, including the SDGs. Goal/Purpose of the document  Identify different approaches to resilience, as used in various literatures.  Present a framework that can be used to analyze how resilience plays out in the narratives of local communities and different fields of science.